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ability to autonomously Target and alter

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the orbit of a celestial object the

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impact of Dart into the asteroid

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dimorphos was confirmed at 7 14 PM

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eastern time when the dart Mission

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operations center here at APL lost

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signal with the spacecraft

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now normally losing signal from a

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spacecraft is a very bad thing but in

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this case it was the ideal outcome

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during the next half hour we will get a

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sense of what it was like in the control

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room as we hear from some of the team

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members who were there for the Final

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Approach and impact of the dart

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spacecraft I want to thank NASA for

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challenging us with this problem and

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entrusting us with the mission Dart has

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now joined a long list of APL firsts in

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space first photos of Earth from space

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creation of satellite navigation with

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the transit system the incredible New

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Horizons flyby of Pluto and the

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record-setting Parker solo probe that

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has touched the sun we can now add to

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this list Dart our world's first

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planetary defense test mission

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on behalf of the Applied Physics

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laboratory congratulations to the dark

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team and to NASA on this historic

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accomplishment and first demonstration

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of a game-changing planetary defense

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thank you director Samuel and again

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welcome to the Johns Hopkins Applied

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Physics laboratory where NASA's Dart

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Mission has just made history I'm Josh

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Handel with NASA's office of

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communications

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earlier we saw incredible live coverage

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of dart's terminal approach with its

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Target asteroid in near real time for

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Humanity's first ever test for planetary

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defense let's take a look at that

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instant replay in that incredible

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wow

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so here you can see didimos and

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dimorphous

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the spacecraft is autonomously

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navigating itself

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it is precision locked on the asteroid

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moonlit

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cruising in at a speed of 4 000 miles

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and now you can see dimorphous slowly

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filling the screen we've never seen this

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bullseye

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we also have incredible high resolution

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imagery from darts Draco camera which we

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foreign

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system

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dimorphous filling the field of view

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incredible surface detail of an asteroid

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7 million miles from Earth that we have

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never before seen

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absolutely amazing some

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and and this is the last frame from the

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spacecraft before we confirmed loss of

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signal

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I'm joined Now by some members from the

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dart team who have helped turn this

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incredible first of its kind Mission

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which honestly sounds like something

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from a science fiction movie into

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science fact

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they include Ed Reynolds Dart project

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manager here at APL

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Aina Adams Dart mission systems engineer

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at APL

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Mark ginsenius Dart smart nav guidance

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engineer at APL

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Carolyn Ernst Dart Draco instrument

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scientist at APL

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and Julie Belarus

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Dart navigation lead at APL

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at sorry at NASA's jet propulsion

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Laboratory

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we're going to quickly hear some opening

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remarks from Ed and Lena and then we're

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going to take some questions from our

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media that we have with us here in the

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room both at APL and also dialed into

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our phone Bridge

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we're going to try and answer as many

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questions as we have in the limited

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amount of time so let's get started Ed

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and Lena tell us how are you feeling

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right now

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yeah

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relieved and

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and to do something this amazing and we

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are so excited to be done

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uh you know we've worked on this mission

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for at least seven years now and uh it's

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been a work of over a thousand people

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that have put their heart and soul into

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it so to see it so beautifully concluded

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today was just an incredible feeling and

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also very tiring

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again a huge congratulations to you and

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the entire dart team absolutely amazing

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history has been made today

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we're now going to take a few questions

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from the media for folks in the room

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with us here if you have a question

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please make your way to one of the

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microphones in the aisles and state your

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name and affiliation and for anyone

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dialed into our phone Bridge please

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press star 1 to be entered into the

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queue

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yes hi Jeff House of space news uh so

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how close of a bullseye was this I heard

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something about 17 meters uh from the

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center uh do you have an idea just how

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close you got to hitting the the target

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that's right we were about 17 meters

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getting really close in and we'll get a

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much better understanding of where we

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are from the impact images that the

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investigation team now is going to

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analyze for quite some time

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Mark

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17 meters was the final estimate out of

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our onboard guidance that is to the

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center of the lit up pixels so there may

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be a refinement on that still is the

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investigation team takes a look at

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things yeah because you saw the asteroid

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was not completely lit from all the

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sides so actually finding where that

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thank you we're ready for the next

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question

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uh hi uh Joel akenbach with the

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Washington Post first of all

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congratulations a tremendous Mission

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when did you know you were going to hit

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it and um like how at what point during

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the approach did you know this is this

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is going to be successful in terms of

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hitting whether it was 17 meters or Not

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that we're going to hit the asteroid

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I'm going to take the first part and

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then

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um you can add more detail but

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the thing

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you know as as we approached

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you know even when we were like an hour

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or 50 minutes out

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it it really looked like a nominal

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um a nominal ex you know trajectory that

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we practiced over and over and over

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again

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and we practiced all types of different

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geometries and scenarios and this was

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like I kept telling the people right

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next to me this is this is nominal this

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is normal this is not so and it just

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stayed nominal so you know like 40

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minutes out you were really getting the

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good feeling and you could tell

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everybody in the whole room was getting

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that same feeling that it was it was

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actually a fairly relaxed environment it

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wasn't tense and then as as we hit like

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the last two minutes where we could no

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longer command the spacecraft and you

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knew we were on the trajectory and you

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knew that we were not going to do

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anything to change it it was just Joy

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you know just yeah you got to enjoy the

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moment yeah absolutely the the one thing

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we definitely I just want to say thank

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you to the JPL navigation team because

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they put us on this perfect trajectory

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to didimos so the way this Mission

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worked is that we were guiding towards

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dinos for a while and then we switched

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over and started guiding towards the

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amorphous so the JPL team actually did a

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lot of analysis recently we executed

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late Maneuvers and were able to put us

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on the trajectory that basically was

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hitting bullseye on dynamos and that is

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why the whole team felt so comfortable

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most of the time that we actually were

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going to impact and impact well you're

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very welcome

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yeah I'll say that uh once we got a look

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at amorphous I think that's when the

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team was confident

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that we were going to hit that was the

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one unknown go again yes absolutely

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against we knew what it looked like we

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yes absolutely that was definitely the

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defining moment where we were like oh

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yes a dimorphous exists so that was a

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big relief for everyone and then of

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course the second part was that we're

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seeing where we're expecting it to see

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it was separating away from the larger

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asteroid as as we expected and then we

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were able to hit execute a textbook

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thank you we're ready for the next

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question

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hello thank you ataric Malik with

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space.com I think for Elena or whomever

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would like to do it you mentioned uh or

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Ed described the feeling as absolute joy

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and I'm just curious I mean there were a

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lot of celebrations that we saw actually

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here they were screaming and chanting

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just all the way down I'm just curious

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of those last minutes five minutes in

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where you were all hands off what that

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atmosphere was like and then what

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dimorphous your first thoughts about

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seeing it up close with those Boulders

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and Crags and shadows is like thank you

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so I'll say a couple of words and then

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I'll give it over to the rest of the

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team especially to Carolyn to talk more

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about the surface of the dimorphous now

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you're welcome but

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um definitely as we were getting close

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to the asteroid there was a lot of Ed

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said Joy I say both Terror and joy at

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the same time because we we saw that we

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were going to impact we this asteroid

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was coming into the field of view for

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the first time where he really had no

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idea what to expect we didn't really

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know the shape of the asteroid but when

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you we're going to hit so I think all of

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us we're kind of holding our breaths I'm

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kind of surprised none of us passed out

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actually for a second there but um but

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at the end you know I mean me personally

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I felt a little numb like yes we were

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celebrating there was a lot of Joy but

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you also feel a little numb that all of

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this you know so much so many years of

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work are now complete and so that

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expectation of what's next is but

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there's a lot of next things going on

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for darts so I'll let you guys talk

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about that yeah I was going to say that

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these guys their job is done but ours is

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just beginning so I've been lucky enough

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to be kind of embedded with the

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engineering team and watching them all

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hear plan and test and work together and

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Draco of course was built here at APL so

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seeing it come from plans all the way to

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something that took such amazing

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pictures was awesome these guys were all

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standing up on those last two minutes

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because they're hands off and looking

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and I was like this far from my screen

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looking at the amazing pictures come in

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because they're just outstanding um and

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I saw them come in at the same time as

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everybody here saw them come in so you

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know we will spend the next months and

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years doing analysis of course

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um our job has just started but it

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really looks just amazing it looks it's

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like adorable it's this little moon it's

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so cute

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um it looks in a lot of ways like some

279
00:11:36,110 --> 00:11:34,380
of the other small app stores we've seen

280
00:11:38,389 --> 00:11:36,120
you know if you remember we've seen

281
00:11:40,430 --> 00:11:38,399
bennu and ryugu recently through NASA

282
00:11:42,710 --> 00:11:40,440
and Japanese space agency missions and

283
00:11:45,230 --> 00:11:42,720
they are also covered in Boulders so we

284
00:11:47,389 --> 00:11:45,240
suspect it is likely to be a rebel pile

285
00:11:49,430 --> 00:11:47,399
kind of loosely Consolidated

286
00:11:50,990 --> 00:11:49,440
um did the most which you saw leaving

287
00:11:52,730 --> 00:11:51,000
the frame I almost wanted to watch it

288
00:11:54,110 --> 00:11:52,740
more you know obviously we want to hit

289
00:11:56,090 --> 00:11:54,120
but I was like oh look at that so cool

290
00:11:58,069 --> 00:11:56,100
it has maybe craters and boulders and

291
00:12:00,590 --> 00:11:58,079
smooth patches and so there's a lot of

292
00:12:02,630 --> 00:12:00,600
work that the proxim proximity working

293
00:12:04,310 --> 00:12:02,640
group will be doing over the next few

294
00:12:06,410 --> 00:12:04,320
days um we will be finding the exact

295
00:12:09,410 --> 00:12:06,420
impact site to really understand you

296
00:12:11,030 --> 00:12:09,420
know what kind of crater did we make and

297
00:12:13,190 --> 00:12:11,040
of course the The ground-based Observers

298
00:12:14,750 --> 00:12:13,200
are busy as we speak you know looking at

299
00:12:16,670 --> 00:12:14,760
the data and taking it over the course

300
00:12:19,250 --> 00:12:16,680
of the next um days and weeks to find

301
00:12:20,630 --> 00:12:19,260
out what we really did

302
00:12:22,910 --> 00:12:20,640
thank you we're ready for the next

303
00:12:24,949 --> 00:12:22,920
question

304
00:12:27,050 --> 00:12:24,959
Kristen Fisher with CNN

305
00:12:29,150 --> 00:12:27,060
um Elena I was wondering one more time

306
00:12:32,569 --> 00:12:29,160
explained exactly

307
00:12:34,850 --> 00:12:32,579
how long it will take before we know if

308
00:12:37,130 --> 00:12:34,860
Dart was successful in pushing this

309
00:12:38,569 --> 00:12:37,140
asteroid off its current orbit we know

310
00:12:40,730 --> 00:12:38,579
the impact was successful tonight

311
00:12:42,829 --> 00:12:40,740
congratulations but if you can just walk

312
00:12:46,009 --> 00:12:42,839
us through the timing of that second

313
00:12:48,230 --> 00:12:46,019
piece one more time and finally uh I'd

314
00:12:51,410 --> 00:12:48,240
also like to know if you think that all

315
00:12:54,170 --> 00:12:51,420
earthlings should rest a little easier

316
00:12:56,810 --> 00:12:54,180
tonight thank you um yeah no problem

317
00:12:59,629 --> 00:12:56,820
thank you for that question so uh we are

318
00:13:01,610 --> 00:12:59,639
going to be seeing additional data over

319
00:13:03,470 --> 00:13:01,620
then so of course the ground-based

320
00:13:05,030 --> 00:13:03,480
observatories are already taking data

321
00:13:08,030 --> 00:13:05,040
right now they're looking at the ejecta

322
00:13:10,910 --> 00:13:08,040
of course the jwsd and all these other

323
00:13:13,970 --> 00:13:10,920
missions are really concentrating on

324
00:13:15,530 --> 00:13:13,980
um on didymus and dimorphous but what

325
00:13:16,970 --> 00:13:15,540
we're going to be seeing probably in the

326
00:13:21,290 --> 00:13:16,980
next couple of months we're actually

327
00:13:23,389 --> 00:13:21,300
going to get a confirmation of exact uh

328
00:13:26,210 --> 00:13:23,399
period change that we made so it's not

329
00:13:29,090 --> 00:13:26,220
going to be tomorrow I'm sorry but it is

330
00:13:31,730 --> 00:13:29,100
going we might see some Legion Cube

331
00:13:33,769 --> 00:13:31,740
cubesat images coming up in the next day

332
00:13:36,710 --> 00:13:33,779
or two which was a little cubesat that

333
00:13:37,610 --> 00:13:36,720
we let go of about 15 days ago it should

334
00:13:40,850 --> 00:13:37,620
have

335
00:13:43,310 --> 00:13:40,860
flown by by now and took some images of

336
00:13:45,410 --> 00:13:43,320
the plume that we created so we're going

337
00:13:46,850 --> 00:13:45,420
to be seeing that data come down soon in

338
00:13:48,350 --> 00:13:46,860
the next couple of days and then over

339
00:13:51,230 --> 00:13:48,360
the next two months we're going to see

340
00:13:52,910 --> 00:13:51,240
more information from the investigation

341
00:13:54,230 --> 00:13:52,920
team on what period change did we

342
00:13:56,329 --> 00:13:54,240
actually make because that's our number

343
00:13:58,250 --> 00:13:56,339
two goal number one was hit the asteroid

344
00:14:00,290 --> 00:13:58,260
which we've done but now number two is

345
00:14:02,750 --> 00:14:00,300
really measure that period change and

346
00:14:05,810 --> 00:14:02,760
characterize how much ejecta we actually

347
00:14:07,490 --> 00:14:05,820
put out and I can't remember the second

348
00:14:09,230 --> 00:14:07,500
question okay so just to clarify you say

349
00:14:10,910 --> 00:14:09,240
about two months before yeah about two

350
00:14:13,850 --> 00:14:10,920
months roughly two months my second

351
00:14:15,530 --> 00:14:13,860
question was just should I'm sorry what

352
00:14:17,629 --> 00:14:15,540
was that I would say a couple of months

353
00:14:20,329 --> 00:14:17,639
for the full quantitative answer you

354
00:14:22,910 --> 00:14:20,339
know some things will likely come out in

355
00:14:25,250 --> 00:14:22,920
even days maybe weeks to say this is

356
00:14:26,990 --> 00:14:25,260
what such is such a Observatory saw or

357
00:14:28,430 --> 00:14:27,000
this is what Ouija Cube saw I know that

358
00:14:30,530 --> 00:14:28,440
they've planned to download images the

359
00:14:33,410 --> 00:14:30,540
next couple of days so we'll get some

360
00:14:35,629 --> 00:14:33,420
pieces of that answer soon but the I

361
00:14:40,210 --> 00:14:35,639
would say the quantitative full answer a

362
00:14:45,050 --> 00:14:42,710
should all earthlings sleep a little

363
00:14:46,970 --> 00:14:45,060
easier tonight I definitely think that

364
00:14:49,430 --> 00:14:46,980
as far as we can tell our first

365
00:14:51,110 --> 00:14:49,440
planetary defense test was a success and

366
00:14:56,230 --> 00:14:51,120
I think we can collapse with that to

367
00:15:01,990 --> 00:14:58,490
yeah I think that our things should

368
00:15:04,750 --> 00:15:02,000
sleep better and definitely I will yeah

369
00:15:06,650 --> 00:15:04,760
we're definitely going to sleep better

370
00:15:10,970 --> 00:15:06,660
thank you

371
00:15:12,889 --> 00:15:10,980
your times

372
00:15:13,910 --> 00:15:12,899
um did anything go wrong tonight I was

373
00:15:15,350 --> 00:15:13,920
just wondering did you have to make any

374
00:15:21,590 --> 00:15:15,360
adjustments during the last four hours

375
00:15:25,490 --> 00:15:23,090
we have straight down the middle of what

376
00:15:29,150 --> 00:15:25,500
our expectations were and uh there were

377
00:15:30,889 --> 00:15:29,160
no adjustments needed no zero

378
00:15:33,170 --> 00:15:30,899
I it was actually kind of disappointing

379
00:15:35,509 --> 00:15:33,180
we prepared for these 21 contention

380
00:15:37,490 --> 00:15:35,519
scenes and then we did none of

381
00:15:39,769 --> 00:15:37,500
none of but we were ready to do them you

382
00:15:42,290 --> 00:15:39,779
plan them so you don't exactly exactly

383
00:15:44,449 --> 00:15:42,300
so that's wonderful

384
00:15:47,030 --> 00:15:44,459
thank you yes

385
00:15:50,090 --> 00:15:47,040
hi Marina corn with the Atlantic now

386
00:15:52,129 --> 00:15:50,100
that you have gotten a good-ish look at

387
00:15:53,689 --> 00:15:52,139
the surface of this asteroid can you

388
00:15:55,730 --> 00:15:53,699
tell us in more detail what exactly

389
00:15:58,550 --> 00:15:55,740
happened to the spacecraft Beyond it was

390
00:16:01,490 --> 00:15:58,560
smashed to bits like in graphic detail

391
00:16:02,930 --> 00:16:01,500
like where are some of the bits and

392
00:16:04,250 --> 00:16:02,940
pieces are they kind of floating off in

393
00:16:06,170 --> 00:16:04,260
space are they embedded in this new

394
00:16:07,430 --> 00:16:06,180
crater if you could hover over the

395
00:16:09,110 --> 00:16:07,440
Ashford right now what would you be

396
00:16:10,970 --> 00:16:09,120
seeing thank you

397
00:16:14,569 --> 00:16:10,980
oh my goodness that's a good question

398
00:16:16,370 --> 00:16:14,579
I'll let Carolyn down thank you I would

399
00:16:18,110 --> 00:16:16,380
say uh if you could hover over it right

400
00:16:20,030 --> 00:16:18,120
now you probably there could even still

401
00:16:22,069 --> 00:16:20,040
be ejecta coming out because the gravity

402
00:16:23,810 --> 00:16:22,079
of this thing is so low that it actually

403
00:16:25,730 --> 00:16:23,820
takes quite a while for things to fall

404
00:16:27,230 --> 00:16:25,740
back if they do so you might still see a

405
00:16:29,870 --> 00:16:27,240
cloud of ejecta out there for a while

406
00:16:33,769 --> 00:16:29,880
yeah um we expect to create over about

407
00:16:35,689 --> 00:16:33,779
10 to 20 meters right yeah so if if this

408
00:16:37,850 --> 00:16:35,699
is really a rubble pile it means that

409
00:16:40,610 --> 00:16:37,860
it's pretty low in strength and that

410
00:16:41,689 --> 00:16:40,620
means you will get a lot of ejecta

411
00:16:44,269 --> 00:16:41,699
um and

412
00:16:46,610 --> 00:16:44,279
that means you know the spacecraft is

413
00:16:48,650 --> 00:16:46,620
kabut right we lost signal at the

414
00:16:50,509 --> 00:16:48,660
expected times that clearly broke

415
00:16:52,490 --> 00:16:50,519
um you could find some pieces in the

416
00:16:53,930 --> 00:16:52,500
crater you could find pieces they'd

417
00:16:56,990 --> 00:16:53,940
probably be pretty shattered you could

418
00:16:58,189 --> 00:16:57,000
find debris leaving also so

419
00:16:59,569 --> 00:16:58,199
um I don't know that you would recognize

420
00:17:01,790 --> 00:16:59,579
them I'll have to see when Hera gets

421
00:17:03,230 --> 00:17:01,800
there in 2026 if there's anything left

422
00:17:05,150 --> 00:17:03,240
but my guess is that was such a fast

423
00:17:07,429 --> 00:17:05,160
impact that you won't be able to see and

424
00:17:10,250 --> 00:17:07,439
we were also carrying a lot of hydrazine

425
00:17:12,230 --> 00:17:10,260
and Xenon on board so we're actually as

426
00:17:14,329 --> 00:17:12,240
Engineers we're discussing in the

427
00:17:16,549 --> 00:17:14,339
control room uh would we actually see

428
00:17:18,470 --> 00:17:16,559
some sort of brightening just based on

429
00:17:22,069 --> 00:17:18,480
the fact that we just if you know

430
00:17:24,110 --> 00:17:22,079
evaporate a whole bunch of Xena too

431
00:17:26,270 --> 00:17:24,120
thank you yes

432
00:17:28,610 --> 00:17:26,280
hi my name is Maya I'm here with the

433
00:17:30,710 --> 00:17:28,620
NASA social from Cal State Long Beach I

434
00:17:32,390 --> 00:17:30,720
wanted to ask can you describe like the

435
00:17:34,070 --> 00:17:32,400
Bittersweet feeling of this Dart project

436
00:17:36,289 --> 00:17:34,080
that you've been working on for so many

437
00:17:38,090 --> 00:17:36,299
years like do its job and impact the

438
00:17:41,330 --> 00:17:38,100
asteroid but also be destroyed at the

439
00:17:46,190 --> 00:17:43,669
I don't have a Bittersweet feeling like

440
00:17:53,090 --> 00:17:46,200
we

441
00:17:55,730 --> 00:17:53,100
know and you focus on the goal and

442
00:18:00,110 --> 00:17:55,740
I I don't think any of us named the

443
00:18:02,210 --> 00:18:00,120
spacecraft so like we we achieved the

444
00:18:05,150 --> 00:18:02,220
requirement we achieved the goal and

445
00:18:08,330 --> 00:18:05,160
that and it and it was a it was yeah we

446
00:18:10,669 --> 00:18:08,340
did a methodical process to

447
00:18:13,789 --> 00:18:10,679
develop the design that could do that

448
00:18:15,830 --> 00:18:13,799
and it's it's to me it's more just

449
00:18:18,890 --> 00:18:15,840
satisfaction that

450
00:18:21,230 --> 00:18:18,900
the process worked and we achieved the

451
00:18:23,390 --> 00:18:21,240
goal and

452
00:18:25,669 --> 00:18:23,400
um yeah you always think like well if we

453
00:18:27,590 --> 00:18:25,679
missed we you know the spacecraft lives

454
00:18:29,990 --> 00:18:27,600
and we can do but it's like now we

455
00:18:32,870 --> 00:18:30,000
didn't achieve the goal and so

456
00:18:36,529 --> 00:18:32,880
I I'm I

457
00:18:40,130 --> 00:18:36,539
I will relish this moment and I'm

458
00:18:42,169 --> 00:18:40,140
I am happy with the outcome

459
00:18:44,270 --> 00:18:42,179
yeah and I'd like to add that I think

460
00:18:45,590 --> 00:18:44,280
the part that we will miss the most as

461
00:18:47,690 --> 00:18:45,600
the people who have worked on this for a

462
00:18:50,990 --> 00:18:47,700
long period of time is the team the team

463
00:18:54,169 --> 00:18:51,000
we had was amazing and we really enjoyed

464
00:18:55,970 --> 00:18:54,179
working as a team together we had fun we

465
00:18:58,730 --> 00:18:55,980
built a spacecraft during covet you know

466
00:19:01,310 --> 00:18:58,740
we bonded over that and I feel like that

467
00:19:02,870 --> 00:19:01,320
made us stronger going forward so the

468
00:19:04,310 --> 00:19:02,880
bittersweet Part will really come in

469
00:19:06,289 --> 00:19:04,320
with the fact that the whole team is

470
00:19:07,850 --> 00:19:06,299
going to be disbanding now moving on to

471
00:19:09,890 --> 00:19:07,860
different projects and we all hope that

472
00:19:12,049 --> 00:19:09,900
we get to work together again at some

473
00:19:15,110 --> 00:19:12,059
point but the point is that the dart

474
00:19:16,730 --> 00:19:15,120
team as the engineering team and its

475
00:19:18,950 --> 00:19:16,740
management team I think we're kind of

476
00:19:21,169 --> 00:19:18,960
done and we're moving on to other things

477
00:19:23,330 --> 00:19:21,179
I think the other part of that is it

478
00:19:25,430 --> 00:19:23,340
like Ed sort of said this is the goal

479
00:19:27,409 --> 00:19:25,440
this is what it was supposed to do so we

480
00:19:28,909 --> 00:19:27,419
didn't have years and years of it in

481
00:19:30,350 --> 00:19:28,919
orbit about something and then it

482
00:19:31,970 --> 00:19:30,360
crashed and you remember those good

483
00:19:33,350 --> 00:19:31,980
times oh those are great times you know

484
00:19:35,450 --> 00:19:33,360
the good times were right then we just

485
00:19:36,529 --> 00:19:35,460
saw them and uh and it was its job it

486
00:19:38,990 --> 00:19:36,539
was supposed to do that to get those

487
00:19:40,730 --> 00:19:39,000
good times yeah yeah this was the moment

488
00:19:44,029 --> 00:19:40,740
yeah for the spacecraft

489
00:19:46,549 --> 00:19:44,039
I have to say I said this here when I

490
00:19:48,350 --> 00:19:46,559
you know the last image that um didn't

491
00:19:50,330 --> 00:19:48,360
come out fully

492
00:19:53,210 --> 00:19:50,340
um you know there's a lot of emotion and

493
00:19:55,010 --> 00:19:53,220
in those critical time and we had some

494
00:19:57,830 --> 00:19:55,020
surprises in the last few weeks and a

495
00:20:00,230 --> 00:19:57,840
lot of teamwork going on and so

496
00:20:04,250 --> 00:20:00,240
um you know there's a lot of um

497
00:20:06,110 --> 00:20:04,260
friendship that's being built so it was

498
00:20:08,390 --> 00:20:06,120
I believe to see that it went so well

499
00:20:10,549 --> 00:20:08,400
and from a navigation perspective it

500
00:20:13,070 --> 00:20:10,559
really went very well and we were you

501
00:20:15,049 --> 00:20:13,080
know heading straight to uh did a mouse

502
00:20:17,390 --> 00:20:15,059
and you know we were very happy and

503
00:20:20,810 --> 00:20:17,400
relieved that smart nav didn't have to

504
00:20:22,430 --> 00:20:20,820
do that much until it saw them offers so

505
00:20:24,710 --> 00:20:22,440
there's relief but then yeah at the end

506
00:20:27,890 --> 00:20:24,720
it's just I shed it here and it's just

507
00:20:29,510 --> 00:20:27,900
the emotion that comes up

508
00:20:30,950 --> 00:20:29,520
thank you we're ready for the next

509
00:20:33,590 --> 00:20:30,960
question

510
00:20:35,690 --> 00:20:33,600
hi I'm Brittany Brockington upgrading BB

511
00:20:37,310 --> 00:20:35,700
on Tick Tock my question is how are you

512
00:20:40,730 --> 00:20:37,320
going to go about calculating the new

513
00:20:43,789 --> 00:20:40,740
orbit or trajectory of dimorphos

514
00:20:45,770 --> 00:20:43,799
I guess I'll take that one so it's all

515
00:20:47,930 --> 00:20:45,780
the ground-based observing um they've

516
00:20:50,270 --> 00:20:47,940
been observing the system for years

517
00:20:52,669 --> 00:20:50,280
before now to get a good Baseline as to

518
00:20:54,230 --> 00:20:52,679
what was the pre-impact situation and

519
00:20:56,390 --> 00:20:54,240
they'll be observing over the next days

520
00:20:58,130 --> 00:20:56,400
and weeks and comparing that to what was

521
00:21:00,430 --> 00:20:58,140
there before

522
00:21:04,970 --> 00:21:03,529
yes so um we cannot see the two bodies

523
00:21:07,130 --> 00:21:04,980
from the earth they just appear almost

524
00:21:09,049 --> 00:21:07,140
like a star it's a point source but we

525
00:21:10,789 --> 00:21:09,059
can tell much like when you discover an

526
00:21:12,770 --> 00:21:10,799
exoplanet and you can tell that it's

527
00:21:14,990 --> 00:21:12,780
there just by the Light dimming as it

528
00:21:16,669 --> 00:21:15,000
goes in front of the star

529
00:21:19,070 --> 00:21:16,679
um it's similar for the Dynamo system so

530
00:21:20,810 --> 00:21:19,080
you get eclipses between the main and

531
00:21:22,789 --> 00:21:20,820
the moon and so you're measuring the

532
00:21:27,289 --> 00:21:22,799
timing of those eclipses and that's what

533
00:21:31,850 --> 00:21:29,870
thank you yes yeah yeah I saw a moment

534
00:21:34,190 --> 00:21:31,860
from AFP um just to piggyback on a

535
00:21:36,770 --> 00:21:34,200
college question for Carolyn um you

536
00:21:38,270 --> 00:21:36,780
mentioned it looked cute to you uh were

537
00:21:40,070 --> 00:21:38,280
there any sort of other adjectives that

538
00:21:41,810 --> 00:21:40,080
came to mind what would you describe its

539
00:21:45,289 --> 00:21:41,820
shape as for me it looked like you do a

540
00:21:46,490 --> 00:21:45,299
bread bun or an egg what sort of

541
00:21:49,669 --> 00:21:46,500
thoughts came to your mind yeah every

542
00:21:52,970 --> 00:21:49,679
Oscar is a potato right yeah no

543
00:21:55,610 --> 00:21:52,980
um yeah I mean and it's amazing right

544
00:21:57,049 --> 00:21:55,620
um it is awfully egg-shaped though

545
00:22:00,529 --> 00:21:57,059
um compared to other things that we've

546
00:22:02,930 --> 00:22:00,539
seen that Moon looked very uh

547
00:22:04,909 --> 00:22:02,940
not ellipsoidal quite but um you know

548
00:22:06,710 --> 00:22:04,919
like egg shaped with a bunch of Boulders

549
00:22:07,909 --> 00:22:06,720
clearly on the top like it's a pile of

550
00:22:09,110 --> 00:22:07,919
rubble

551
00:22:11,270 --> 00:22:09,120
um I was actually a little surprised by

552
00:22:13,909 --> 00:22:11,280
the shape of didimos too

553
00:22:16,669 --> 00:22:13,919
um we had a radar model which was

554
00:22:18,110 --> 00:22:16,679
um good and it got the bulk shape but it

555
00:22:20,090 --> 00:22:18,120
actually was more elongated than I

556
00:22:21,649 --> 00:22:20,100
thought of course you cannot see details

557
00:22:23,750 --> 00:22:21,659
um with that radar model that we have

558
00:22:25,250 --> 00:22:23,760
and so you could start to see oh I think

559
00:22:26,930 --> 00:22:25,260
that oh that's a boulder oh you can see

560
00:22:28,730 --> 00:22:26,940
it oh it's a crater oh my gosh is that a

561
00:22:30,830 --> 00:22:28,740
smooth patch that's amazing so we're

562
00:22:33,049 --> 00:22:30,840
going to be able to tell a lot about how

563
00:22:35,570 --> 00:22:33,059
the system formed

564
00:22:38,690 --> 00:22:35,580
um and what it has experienced over time

565
00:22:40,610 --> 00:22:38,700
um as we look at these images closely

566
00:22:41,990 --> 00:22:40,620
thank you I believe we now have a

567
00:22:44,630 --> 00:22:42,000
question from one of our reporters

568
00:22:48,409 --> 00:22:46,250
hi yes these are the questions from the

569
00:22:50,029 --> 00:22:48,419
phone bridge I do have two uh the first

570
00:22:52,789 --> 00:22:50,039
is from Stephen Clark at space flight

571
00:22:55,610 --> 00:22:52,799
now uh he's looking to know if we have

572
00:22:57,409 --> 00:22:55,620
confirmation from let's see a cube uh in

573
00:22:59,630 --> 00:22:57,419
terms of taking any photos taking any

574
00:23:02,990 --> 00:22:59,640
pictures and what would be the earliest

575
00:23:04,130 --> 00:23:03,000
opportunity uh for a downlink and seeing

576
00:23:07,549 --> 00:23:04,140
those that's the first question I'll

577
00:23:15,049 --> 00:23:11,870
okay so we did like 40 minutes before

578
00:23:17,750 --> 00:23:15,059
impact we we did get a short email from

579
00:23:20,270 --> 00:23:17,760
our our Italian colleagues and they were

580
00:23:22,669 --> 00:23:20,280
they were shooting to get a a an

581
00:23:25,190 --> 00:23:22,679
extended pass about

582
00:23:28,190 --> 00:23:25,200
three hours from now that would be that

583
00:23:31,070 --> 00:23:28,200
would be the very first opportunity and

584
00:23:33,409 --> 00:23:31,080
so it's it's just a matter of can the

585
00:23:35,330 --> 00:23:33,419
DSN schedule the pass and can they just

586
00:23:38,450 --> 00:23:35,340
coordinate in addition to other

587
00:23:40,909 --> 00:23:38,460
Telemetry getting the image down but it

588
00:23:42,950 --> 00:23:40,919
is a priority for them

589
00:23:45,289 --> 00:23:42,960
okay great thank you one other question

590
00:23:48,529 --> 00:23:45,299
from the phone bridge for now uh Jim

591
00:23:50,750 --> 00:23:48,539
Siegel with mass attacked uh the

592
00:23:53,690 --> 00:23:50,760
question is that uh he understands that

593
00:23:57,470 --> 00:23:53,700
JPL keeps a Sentry risk table of objects

594
00:23:58,970 --> 00:23:57,480
and are there other asteroids or other

595
00:24:03,890 --> 00:23:58,980
objects that have already been

596
00:24:08,149 --> 00:24:06,649
so I can jump in here yeah for any

597
00:24:10,010 --> 00:24:08,159
questions related to any future

598
00:24:11,750 --> 00:24:10,020
planetary defense efforts please reach

599
00:24:15,830 --> 00:24:11,760
out to NASA's office of communications

600
00:24:17,870 --> 00:24:15,840
for response thank you next question I'm

601
00:24:19,730 --> 00:24:17,880
Gretel Bennis Chuck and I attended the

602
00:24:20,690 --> 00:24:19,740
NASA social and I'm a student at Embry

603
00:24:22,970 --> 00:24:20,700
Riddle

604
00:24:25,250 --> 00:24:22,980
my question is and how an Android hit

605
00:24:27,710 --> 00:24:25,260
Mars last Friday I think

606
00:24:30,409 --> 00:24:27,720
I think and I I just didn't know if if

607
00:24:33,770 --> 00:24:30,419
that was a when we say that planet

608
00:24:35,990 --> 00:24:33,780
planetary defense is it just Earth

609
00:24:37,990 --> 00:24:36,000
at this point I mean I know it's really

610
00:24:40,549 --> 00:24:38,000
pressure

611
00:24:42,590 --> 00:24:40,559
that's that's I just when I when I read

612
00:24:44,270 --> 00:24:42,600
that last week I was like there's

613
00:24:46,789 --> 00:24:44,280
there's stuff everywhere every planet

614
00:24:49,730 --> 00:24:46,799
gets hit the moon gets hit everything

615
00:24:53,090 --> 00:24:49,740
else asteroids get hit not just by Dart

616
00:24:56,450 --> 00:24:53,100
um you know all the time and

617
00:24:58,490 --> 00:24:56,460
we often use those craters to tell us

618
00:25:00,049 --> 00:24:58,500
more about how what happened in history

619
00:25:01,549 --> 00:25:00,059
a lot of that history on Earth is gone

620
00:25:03,409 --> 00:25:01,559
and so we can look at those other

621
00:25:04,730 --> 00:25:03,419
planets you know the moon and other

622
00:25:06,289 --> 00:25:04,740
planets around us to know like what

623
00:25:08,149 --> 00:25:06,299
happened in the beginning to get us to

624
00:25:10,250 --> 00:25:08,159
where we are now but oh my gosh there's

625
00:25:12,049 --> 00:25:10,260
a lot of craters there so a lot of stuff

626
00:25:14,149 --> 00:25:12,059
happened but now not so much a lot of

627
00:25:16,730 --> 00:25:14,159
time has gone by um but in terms of

628
00:25:18,770 --> 00:25:16,740
Defense we're the only place with with

629
00:25:20,090 --> 00:25:18,780
life right now right so we're that's

630
00:25:22,130 --> 00:25:20,100
what we're really primarily worried

631
00:25:24,950 --> 00:25:22,140
about yeah but planetary defense office

632
00:25:27,409 --> 00:25:24,960
does actually look at all of these

633
00:25:29,930 --> 00:25:27,419
impacts and really assesses what happens

634
00:25:33,289 --> 00:25:29,940
and that's part of the planetary defense

635
00:25:35,390 --> 00:25:33,299
office strategy is to characterize you

636
00:25:37,909 --> 00:25:35,400
know other objects in the solar system

637
00:25:39,529 --> 00:25:37,919
to and characterize the threat

638
00:25:41,510 --> 00:25:39,539
understand what they're made out of

639
00:25:43,789 --> 00:25:41,520
because you know as we mentioned today

640
00:25:46,070 --> 00:25:43,799
we bring it back to dimorphous and

641
00:25:47,870 --> 00:25:46,080
didimos you know what are they made out

642
00:25:49,510 --> 00:25:47,880
of did you see their gen Rubble pile you

643
00:25:52,250 --> 00:25:49,520
know what is it actually going to create

644
00:25:54,230 --> 00:25:52,260
and will that impact actually move the

645
00:25:55,850 --> 00:25:54,240
asteroid as much as the would expect in

646
00:25:57,529 --> 00:25:55,860
understanding these craters on the moon

647
00:25:59,930 --> 00:25:57,539
and Mars really kind of helps you with

648
00:26:01,310 --> 00:25:59,940
that yeah like the whole solar system is

649
00:26:02,630 --> 00:26:01,320
the laboratory experiment and you have

650
00:26:06,289 --> 00:26:02,640
to look at all of the data to understand

651
00:26:11,570 --> 00:26:08,210
thank you so much we have time for one

652
00:26:13,730 --> 00:26:11,580
more question yes yeah hi David ariosto

653
00:26:15,890 --> 00:26:13,740
Canal Doubleday polishing uh you had

654
00:26:18,289 --> 00:26:15,900
some somewhat new technology on aboard

655
00:26:21,649 --> 00:26:18,299
this spacecraft as well the the solar

656
00:26:23,570 --> 00:26:21,659
powered uh ion propulsion I wanted to

657
00:26:26,090 --> 00:26:23,580
know if you could address how that went

658
00:26:28,669 --> 00:26:26,100
and also how this relates to Future

659
00:26:31,070 --> 00:26:28,679
missions oh yeah I love to talk about

660
00:26:33,350 --> 00:26:31,080
new technology on dark number one our

661
00:26:35,450 --> 00:26:33,360
solar panels work beautifully

662
00:26:37,370 --> 00:26:35,460
um that was a hair-raising moment for us

663
00:26:39,710 --> 00:26:37,380
early on in launch when we had to deploy

664
00:26:41,690 --> 00:26:39,720
them autonomously and they worked

665
00:26:44,090 --> 00:26:41,700
wonderfully they provided us as much

666
00:26:46,190 --> 00:26:44,100
power as we expected and the whole

667
00:26:48,470 --> 00:26:46,200
mechanism deployment mechanism worked

668
00:26:50,269 --> 00:26:48,480
extremely well and it will be extremely

669
00:26:52,549 --> 00:26:50,279
important for future missions to outer

670
00:26:55,430 --> 00:26:52,559
planets because of the mass savings you

671
00:26:56,690 --> 00:26:55,440
get with these rolled up panels so we

672
00:26:59,210 --> 00:26:56,700
thought the solar panels worked

673
00:27:01,190 --> 00:26:59,220
wonderfully the next SEA engine we did

674
00:27:04,690 --> 00:27:01,200
demonstrated in flight for about two

675
00:27:06,649 --> 00:27:04,700
hours we did fired it worked as expected

676
00:27:09,169 --> 00:27:06,659
however there was a little bit of

677
00:27:12,649 --> 00:27:09,179
interaction with the spacecraft as well

678
00:27:15,190 --> 00:27:12,659
that was not anticipated and we have

679
00:27:17,930 --> 00:27:15,200
since then not fired the iron Thruster

680
00:27:21,470 --> 00:27:17,940
as part of our miscontingency was

681
00:27:22,970 --> 00:27:21,480
actually firing it up again but thank

682
00:27:24,169 --> 00:27:22,980
goodness we didn't have to do it could

683
00:27:26,029 --> 00:27:24,179
you elaborate a little bit of how that

684
00:27:28,850 --> 00:27:26,039
interacted with the spacecraft and you

685
00:27:30,890 --> 00:27:28,860
want to talk about yeah so so

686
00:27:33,110 --> 00:27:30,900
um early on in the the next SEA

687
00:27:36,710 --> 00:27:33,120
development is we're developing our

688
00:27:38,810 --> 00:27:36,720
interface document we knew when you

689
00:27:40,610 --> 00:27:38,820
start it up it has a reset mode where

690
00:27:43,250 --> 00:27:40,620
there's a little bit of arcing

691
00:27:46,730 --> 00:27:43,260
and the reset mode was understood to

692
00:27:47,990 --> 00:27:46,740
introduce up to 25 amps of current that

693
00:27:49,250 --> 00:27:48,000
could go through the spacecraft

694
00:27:53,090 --> 00:27:49,260
structure

695
00:27:54,950 --> 00:27:53,100
what was discovered after after we

696
00:27:56,870 --> 00:27:54,960
launched and after we did this two hour

697
00:27:59,570 --> 00:27:56,880
demonstration when we were looking at

698
00:28:02,330 --> 00:27:59,580
our Telemetry we saw some anomalies in

699
00:28:06,110 --> 00:28:02,340
our power system and we investigated

700
00:28:07,669 --> 00:28:06,120
and it led to an investigation using the

701
00:28:10,250 --> 00:28:07,679
engineering model of the next SEA

702
00:28:12,289 --> 00:28:10,260
Thruster and lo and behold we found that

703
00:28:15,830 --> 00:28:12,299
there was not one but two different

704
00:28:19,909 --> 00:28:15,840
reset phenomenon that could occur one

705
00:28:22,789 --> 00:28:19,919
was the second one was rare and now it's

706
00:28:25,130 --> 00:28:22,799
understood but it instead of introducing

707
00:28:27,529 --> 00:28:25,140
up to 25 amps it introduced over 100

708
00:28:30,110 --> 00:28:27,539
amps and that was something that we were

709
00:28:32,090 --> 00:28:30,120
not we were not tested to demonstrate

710
00:28:35,090 --> 00:28:32,100
that we could withstand that and just

711
00:28:37,730 --> 00:28:35,100
from a risk perspective in trying to

712
00:28:40,730 --> 00:28:37,740
achieve the the primary Mission which is

713
00:28:43,070 --> 00:28:40,740
tonight hitting the asteroid we did not

714
00:28:46,130 --> 00:28:43,080
want to put that at risk and so we

715
00:28:49,789 --> 00:28:46,140
talked with NASA and came up with a

716
00:28:52,549 --> 00:28:49,799
recommendation and and a concurrence to

717
00:28:55,549 --> 00:28:52,559
just not fire it anymore but as Lena had

718
00:28:58,850 --> 00:28:55,559
said if we had missed

719
00:29:01,430 --> 00:28:58,860
um we if we had a missed approach

720
00:29:05,090 --> 00:29:01,440
um and the spacecraft was healthy

721
00:29:07,490 --> 00:29:05,100
the one of the options was we could have

722
00:29:09,529 --> 00:29:07,500
fired up you know our whole risk posture

723
00:29:12,169 --> 00:29:09,539
has changed if if you missed it on

724
00:29:15,289 --> 00:29:12,179
approach your risk posture changes

725
00:29:18,889 --> 00:29:15,299
we could have fired it up taken the risk

726
00:29:21,649 --> 00:29:18,899
of of and the you know coming over those

727
00:29:22,789 --> 00:29:21,659
couple you know that 100 amps phenomenon

728
00:29:24,529 --> 00:29:22,799
again

729
00:29:26,990 --> 00:29:24,539
and we would have fired it for about

730
00:29:29,450 --> 00:29:27,000
eight days and that would have put us on

731
00:29:31,549 --> 00:29:29,460
a on a trajectory that we would be

732
00:29:35,090 --> 00:29:31,559
coming back to the exact same asteroid

733
00:29:37,970 --> 00:29:35,100
uh two years later and I'll just add

734
00:29:39,409 --> 00:29:37,980
that uh even in the future for next e

735
00:29:41,149 --> 00:29:39,419
missions

736
00:29:42,529 --> 00:29:41,159
um we don't see a problem with that this

737
00:29:45,169 --> 00:29:42,539
could be accommodated it was just

738
00:29:47,149 --> 00:29:45,179
something that wasn't not anticipated at

739
00:29:48,970 --> 00:29:47,159
the time uh when we put the Thruster

740
00:29:51,590 --> 00:29:48,980
onto the space

741
00:29:53,149 --> 00:29:51,600
propulsion is extremely great for

742
00:29:55,250 --> 00:29:53,159
especially if you want to go visit all

743
00:29:57,169 --> 00:29:55,260
these other asteroids right you can

744
00:29:59,810 --> 00:29:57,179
actually when you were around them and

745
00:30:02,450 --> 00:29:59,820
uh yeah so we're really looking forward

746
00:30:04,610 --> 00:30:02,460
to it the Thruster the ion the next seed

747
00:30:07,010 --> 00:30:04,620
Thruster is a fine Thruster it has great

748
00:30:08,630 --> 00:30:07,020
performance it's just making sure that

749
00:30:11,690 --> 00:30:08,640
the interface between the Thruster and

750
00:30:14,750 --> 00:30:11,700
the spacecraft are properly properly

751
00:30:16,789 --> 00:30:14,760
designed thank you so much that is all

752
00:30:18,769 --> 00:30:16,799
the time that we have tonight thank you

753
00:30:20,570 --> 00:30:18,779
so much to our panelists thank you to

754
00:30:23,269 --> 00:30:20,580
our media both with us here in the room

755
00:30:26,330 --> 00:30:23,279
and on the phone bridge and thank you

756
00:30:28,789 --> 00:30:26,340
for watching our coverage of Dart the

757
00:30:30,889 --> 00:30:28,799
world's first ever test for planetary

758
00:30:32,389 --> 00:30:30,899
defense to stay updated on this

759
00:30:34,850 --> 00:30:32,399
incredible first of its kind Mission

760
00:30:37,070 --> 00:30:34,860
including to see any images returned by

761
00:30:39,830 --> 00:30:37,080
the Italian space agency's lychee Cube

762
00:30:42,350 --> 00:30:39,840
satellite and to learn when we confirm

763
00:30:44,810 --> 00:30:42,360
if dart's kinetic impact with its Target

764
00:30:48,169 --> 00:30:44,820
asteroid has changed that asteroids

765
00:30:50,690 --> 00:30:48,179
Motion in space visit nasa.gov forward

766
00:30:53,990 --> 00:30:50,700
slash Dart we're going to leave you now

767
00:30:57,409 --> 00:30:54,000
with that instant repay replay of dart's

768
00:30:59,389 --> 00:30:57,419
incredible last images before its